ABSTRACT
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) which can cause significant mortality is a thrombotic microangiopathy due to deficiency of VWF cleaving protease ADAMTS13 and as per medical literature there are examples that TTP can be caused by COVID 19 infection. A 35 years old female after admission with right sided weakness and slurring of speech was found to be COVID positive and diagnosed as a case of TTP. Patient had absent ADAMTS13 level on day 1. Treatment was started with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) later injection Vincristine and Rituximab was given after 4th TPE as it was suspected as refractory case. Finally patient received 16 TPE procedures with cryo poor plasma as exchange fluid and gradually her platelet count started to maintain normal and she was discharged. Specific management and such association of this type of cases need to be studied more judiciously.
Subject(s)
ADAMTS13 Protein , COVID-19 , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic , Rituximab/administration & dosage , Vincristine/administration & dosage , ADAMTS13 Protein/blood , ADAMTS13 Protein/deficiency , Adult , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , COVID-19/blood , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Plasma Exchange/methods , Platelet Count/methods , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/blood , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/diagnosis , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/etiology , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/therapy , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
While lymphopenia has been a common finding in COVID-19 infection, particularly in severe cases, febrile neutropenia has been very rarely reported in immunocompetent patients with COVID-19. Herein, we report the case of a 76-year-old hypertensive and diabetic man who was hospitalised with severe COVID-19 infection and developed delayed-onset severe neutropenia with neutropenic fever, which responded to treatment with antibiotics and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. This case highlights the importance of identifying a rare complication (febrile neutropenia on the fifth week) of COVID-19 infection in hospitalised patients by intensive monitoring and aggressive management for favourable outcomes.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Febrile Neutropenia , Immunocompromised Host , Aged , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , Febrile Neutropenia/virology , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic threat with more than 11.8 million confirmed cases and more than 0.5 million deaths as of 3 July 2020. Given the lack of definitive pharmaceutical interventions against SARS-CoV-2, multiple therapeutic strategies and personal protective applications are being used to reduce the risk of high mortality and community spread of this infection. Currently, more than a hundred vaccines and/or alternative therapeutic regimens are in clinical trials, and some of them have shown promising results in improving the immune cell environment and controlling the infection. In this review, we discussed high-performance multi-directory strategies describing the uncontrolled deregulation of the host immune landscape associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and treatment strategies using an anti-neoplastic regimen. We also followed selected current treatment plans and the most important on-going clinical trials and their respective outcomes for blocking SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis through regenerative medicine, such as stem cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptors, natural killer (NK) cells, extracellular vesicular-based therapy, and others including immunomodulatory regimens, anti-neoplastic therapy, and current clinical vaccine therapy.